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Factors
Mean (± SD)
Crude IRR (95% CI)
p value
Adjusted IRR (95% CI)
p value
Location
0.85
Urban
1.50 ± 1.43
1.02 (0.80–1.31)
Rural
1.55 ± 1.31
1
1
First ANC visit
0.09
0.03
Yes
1.46 ± 1.35
1
1
No
1.61 ± 1.33
1.09 (0.99–1.21)
1.11 (1.01–1.21)
Facility type
0.33
PHCs
1.54 ± 1.37
1
Hospital
1.51 ± 1.24
0.94 (0.83–1.06)
Gestational age
0.11
0.24
< 20 weeks
1.36 ± 1.29
1
1
≥ 20 weeks
1.57 ± 1.35
1.14 (0.97–1.32)
0.92 (0.81–1.06)
First pregnancy
0.004
< 0.001
Yes
1.25 ± 1.32
1
1
No
1.63 ± 1.33
1.23 (1.07–1.42)
1.38 (1.23–1.55)
Scholarship
0.58
Primary or less
1.50 ± 1.35
1
Secondary and above
1.58 ± 1.32
1.03 (0.93–1.14)
Type of health providers
0.51
Midwife
1.54 ± 1.34
1
Physician
1.37 ± 1.34
0.93 (0.75–1.15)
Clinic ownership
0.012
0.05
Private
1.73 ± 1.40
1.24 (1.05–1.47)
1.15 (1.01–1.31)
Public
1.41 ± 1.28
1
1
Mean number of ANC visits per day
1.53 ± 1.34
1.06(1.01–1.11)
0.02
1.04 (0.98–1.09)
0.20
Provider counseled on danger signs during ANC visit
< 0.001
0.008
No
1.32 ± 1.25
1
1
Yes
1.93 ± 1.41
1.38 (1.18–1.61)
1.19 (1.05–1.35)
Women attended by a provider who received in-service training in ANC counseling within the previous 2 years
0.65
No
1.53 ± 1.38
1
Yes
1.54 ± 1.28
0.97 (0.84–1.11)
Provinces of residence
0.00
< 0.001
Middle
0.90 ± 1.08
1
1
Eastern
2.15 ± 1.30
2.09 (1.68–2.59)
2.04 (1.64–2.55)
Southern
1.40 ± 1.45
1.66 (1.29–2.13)
1.69 (1.32–2.17)
Western
1.13 ± 1.18
1.18 (0.93–1.49)
1.22 (0.97–1.53)
Northern
1.38 ± 1.22
1.42 (1.18–1.73)
1.49 (1.21–1.83)
IRR Incidence risk ratio, PHCs Primary Health Centres, ANC antenatal care*Whether ANC provider encouraged women to ask questions during the ANC visit
